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Evaluate Math Expression

Author: Admin 03/29/2021
Language: Visual Basic .NET
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Description:

Evaluate a math expression entered in a text box.

Article:

here's sum code I found a few years back to evaluate a math expression entered in a text box.

Module MathExpression
    Public m_Primatives As Hashtable

    Public Enum Precedence
        None = 11
        Unary = 10      ' Not actually used.
        Power = 9
        Times = 8
        Div = 7
        IntDiv = 6
        Modulus = 5
        Plus = 4
    End Enum

    ' Evaluate the expression.
    Public Function EvaluateExpression(ByVal expression As String) As Double

Full Source Code:
Module MathExpression
    Public m_Primatives As Hashtable

    Public Enum Precedence
        None = 11
        Unary = 10      ' Not actually used.
        Power = 9
        Times = 8
        Div = 7
        IntDiv = 6
        Modulus = 5
        Plus = 4
    End Enum

    ' Evaluate the expression.
    Public Function EvaluateExpression(ByVal expression As String) As Double
        Try
            Dim expr As String
            Dim is_unary As Boolean
            Dim next_unary As Boolean
            Dim parens As Integer
            Dim expr_len As Integer
            Dim ch As String
            Dim lexpr As String
            Dim rexpr As String
            Dim status As Long = Nothing
            Dim best_pos As Integer
            Dim best_prec As Precedence

            ' Remove all spaces.
            expr = expression.Replace(" ", "")
            expr_len = Len(expr)
            If expr_len = 0 Then Return 0

            ' If we find + or - now, it is a unary operator.
            is_unary = True

            ' So far we have nothing.
            best_prec = Precedence.None

            ' Find the operator with the lowest precedence.
            ' Look for places where there are no open
            ' parentheses.
            For pos As Integer = 0 To expr_len - 1
                ' Examine the next character.
                ch = expr.Substring(pos, 1)

                ' Assume we will not find an operator. In
                ' that case, the next operator will not
                ' be unary.
                next_unary = False

                If ch = " " Then
                    ' Just skip spaces. We keep them here
                    ' to make the error messages easier to
                ElseIf ch = "(" Then
                    ' Increase the open parentheses count.
                    parens += 1

                    ' A + or - after "(" is unary.
                    next_unary = True
                ElseIf ch = ")" Then
                    ' Decrease the open parentheses count.
                    parens -= 1

                    ' An operator after ")" is not unary.
                    next_unary = False

                    ' If parens < 0, too many ')'s.
                    If parens < 0 Then
                        Throw New FormatException( _
                            "Too many close parentheses in '" & _
                            expression & "'")
                    End If
                ElseIf parens = 0 Then
                    ' See if this is an operator.
                    If ch = "^" Or ch = "*" Or _
                       ch = "/" Or ch = "\" Or _
                       ch = "%" Or ch = "+" Or _
                       ch = "-" _
                    Then
                        ' An operator after an operator
                        ' is unary.
                        next_unary = True

                        ' See if this operator has higher
                        ' precedence than the current one.
                        Select Case ch
                            Case "^"
                                If best_prec >= Precedence.Power Then
                                    best_prec = Precedence.Power
                                    best_pos = pos
                                End If

                            Case "*", "/"
                                If best_prec >= Precedence.Times Then
                                    best_prec = Precedence.Times
                                    best_pos = pos
                                End If

                            Case "\"
                                If best_prec >= Precedence.IntDiv Then
                                    best_prec = Precedence.IntDiv
                                    best_pos = pos
                                End If

                            Case "%"
                                If best_prec >= Precedence.Modulus Then
                                    best_prec = Precedence.Modulus
                                    best_pos = pos
                                End If

                            Case "+", "-"
                                ' Ignore unary operators
                                ' for now.
                                If (Not is_unary) And _
                                    best_prec >= Precedence.Plus _
                                Then
                                    best_prec = Precedence.Plus
                                    best_pos = pos
                                End If
                        End Select
                    End If
                End If
                is_unary = next_unary
            Next pos

            ' If the parentheses count is not zero,
            ' there's a ')' missing.
            If parens <> 0 Then
                Throw New FormatException( _
                    "Missing close parenthesis in '" & _
                    expression & "'")
            End If

            ' Hopefully we have the operator.
            If best_prec < Precedence.None Then
                lexpr = expr.Substring(0, best_pos)
                rexpr = expr.Substring(best_pos + 1)
                Select Case expr.Substring(best_pos, 1)
                    Case "^"
                        Return _
                            EvaluateExpression(lexpr) ^ _
                            EvaluateExpression(rexpr)
                    Case "*"
                        Return _
                            EvaluateExpression(lexpr) * _
                            EvaluateExpression(rexpr)
                    Case "/"
                        Return _
                            EvaluateExpression(lexpr) / _
                            EvaluateExpression(rexpr)
                    Case "\"
                        Return _
                            CLng(EvaluateExpression(lexpr)) \ _
                            CLng(EvaluateExpression(rexpr))
                    Case "%"
                        Return _
                            EvaluateExpression(lexpr) Mod _
                            EvaluateExpression(rexpr)
                    Case "+"
                        Return _
                            EvaluateExpression(lexpr) + _
                            EvaluateExpression(rexpr)
                    Case "-"
                        Return _
                            EvaluateExpression(lexpr) - _
                            EvaluateExpression(rexpr)
                End Select
            End If

            ' If we do not yet have an operator, there
            ' are several possibilities:
            '
            ' 1. expr is (expr2) for some expr2.
            ' 2. expr is -expr2 or +expr2 for some expr2.
            ' 3. expr is Fun(expr2) for a function Fun.
            ' 4. expr is a primitive.
            ' 5. It's a literal like "3.14159".

            ' Look for (expr2).
            If expr.StartsWith("(") And expr.EndsWith(")") Then
                ' Remove the parentheses.
                Return EvaluateExpression(expr.Substring(1, expr_len - 2))
                Exit Function
            End If

            ' Look for -expr2.
            If expr.StartsWith("-") Then
                Return -EvaluateExpression(expr.Substring(1))
            End If

            ' Look for +expr2.
            If expr.StartsWith("+") Then
                Return EvaluateExpression(expr.Substring(2))
            End If

            ' Look for Fun(expr2).
            If expr_len > 5 And expr.EndsWith(")") Then
                ' Find the first (.
                Dim paren_pos As Integer = expr.IndexOf("(")
                If paren_pos > 0 Then
                    ' See what the function is.
                    lexpr = expr.Substring(0, paren_pos)
                    rexpr = expr.Substring(paren_pos + 1, expr_len - paren_pos - 2)
                    Select Case lexpr.ToLower
                        Case "sin"
                            Return Math.Sin(EvaluateExpression(rexpr))
                        Case "cos"
                            Return Math.Cos(EvaluateExpression(rexpr))
                        Case "tan"
                            Return Math.Tan(EvaluateExpression(rexpr))
                        Case "sqrt"
                            Return Math.Sqrt(EvaluateExpression(rexpr))
                        Case "factorial"
                            Return Factorial(EvaluateExpression(rexpr))
                            ' Add other functions (including
                            ' program-defined functions) here.
                    End Select
                End If
            End If

            ' See if it's a primitive.
            If m_Primatives.Contains(expr) Then
                ' Return the corresponding value,
                ' converted into a Double.
                Try
                    ' Try to convert the expression into a value.
                    Dim value As Double = _
                        Double.Parse(m_Primatives.Item(expr).ToString)
                    Return value
                Catch ex As Exception
                    Throw New FormatException( _
                        "Primative '" & expr & _
                        "' has value '" & _
                        m_Primatives.Item(expr).ToString & _
                        "' which is not a Double.")
                End Try
            End If

            ' It must be a literal like "2.71828".
            Try
                ' Try to convert the expression into a Double.
                Dim value As Double = Double.Parse(expr)
                Return value
            Catch ex As Exception
                Throw New FormatException( _
                    "Error evaluating '" & expression & _
                    "' as a constant.")
            End Try
        Catch ex As Exception
            Return 0
        End Try
    End Function

    ' Return the factorial of the expression.
    Public Function Factorial(ByVal value As Double) As Double
        Try
            Dim result As Double

            ' Make sure the value is an integer.
            If CLng(value) <> value Then
                Throw New ArgumentException( _
                    "Parameter to Factorial function must be an integer in Factorial(" & _
                    Format$(value) & ")")
            End If

            result = 1
            Do While value > 1
                result = result * value
                value = value - 1
            Loop
            Return result
        Catch ex As Exception
            Return 0
        End Try
    End Function
End Module

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